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The World Health Organisation (WHO, 1946) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Good health is not only of value to the individual as a major determinant of quality of life, well-being and social participation, but it also contributes to general social and economic growth. Good health is a key aspect of people’s well-being and enhances opportunities to participate in the labour market and to benefit from economic and employment growth. People with poor physical or mental health are less likely to work and more likely to be unemployed than people in better health. The relationship also works the other way around: people with higher level of education and higher income tend to be in better health and live longer than those with lower level of education and income (OECD, 2015).

The conversion rate in sales is a fundamental parameter to assess the performance of the Marketing and sales departments. Fisher (2013) claims that when customers visit a store, retailers try to convert traffic by making sure there is the right product, in the right place, at the right time, and with the right price. At that moment, the conversion rate is a crucial value to measure the effectiveness of the Marketing policies and commercial teams in relation to consumer behaviour. The conversion rate (CR) measures the ratio between the total number of visitors entering an establishment and those who make a purchase (on a daily, monthly, quarterly and annual basis). The conversion rate can also be useful to analyse the evolution of the commercial efficiency in a business or to compare similar establishments in which the conversion rates are significantly different. Somehow, the efficiency depends on the adequate commercial performance of the sales team, trying to attract the largest number of potential buyers visiting the establishment (Rodríguez, Olarte-Pascual, & Saco, 2017). Therefore, the conversion rate grows with an excellent customer service and better execution of the store processes.

As an effective tool for mitigating financial risk, insurance has nowadays become a key sector of a functioning modern society. Motor insurance constitutes the largest line of business of the non-life insurance sector in Europe, considering its fleet of around 334 million vehicles registered in 2013 (Insurance Europe, 2015). The total motor insurance premiums in Europe amounted to €123.5 billion in 2013, with a 28% share of the total Gross Written Premiums.

Loyal customers are a key factor for successful retail activities. Customer loyalty can be defined as a higher probability of making new and repeated purchases, spontaneously recommending a particular retailer and spreading the positive word-of-mouth. “Loyal customers are less likely to switch to a competitor due to price inducement, and these customers make more purchases compared to less loyal customers” (Dhal, 2015; Mohelska & Sokolova, 2016) For the retailers, customer loyalty is a key factor in reaching long-term commercial success and profitability.

The economy’s globalization which culminated with the global financial crisis that erupted in 2007 has affected the economies around the world demonstrating that the results of research studies on bankruptcy risk prediction are insufficient. Furthermore, the studies conducted so far do not provide direct insight into the capital market to investors for whom the first step in a company’s failure is manifested by delisting the company from the stock exchange.

The structure of the national economies throughout the world has undergone important changes in the 20th and 21st centuries. These changes have been carefully monitored and analyzed, especially in relation to the continuous population growth that needs more and more natural resources.

Problém súčasnej finančnej krízy, ktorá vedie k bankrotu mnohých firiem vyvoláva otázku, či sa dajú bankroty vopred predvídať. Problematika finančného zdravia, resp. finanančných problémov podnikov sa stala predmetom mnohých štúdií už od začiatku 19. storočia. Väčšina výskumov v tejto oblasti môže byť časovo rozdelená do dvoch častí: pred a po roku 1966. Pred rokom 1966 dominovali statické jednoperiódové modely, ktoré sa snažia nájsť unikátne vlastnosti, ktoré odlišujú podniky vo finančnej tiesni od prosperujúcich podnikov.