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In recent years, the problems of diverse transport mode development policy, travel price, duration and quality have been solved by a wide range of international scientists and researchers (Kandt, Rode, Hoffman, Graff, & Smith, 2015; Seelhorst & Liu, 2015; Woo, Cheng, Li, Chiu, Ho, & Horowitz, 2015; Kirschstein & Meisel, 2015; Guo, Yu, Chen, & Zhang, 2011). The choice of a particular mode of transport as an alternative to another one is subjective and usually based on an individual passenger’s approach to the evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of some particular means of transport (Sivilevičius & Maskeliūnaitė, 2018).A transport system is a system created for transporting large numbers of passengers at the low price of investment. Passengers can usually choose a means of transport based on the criteria, which seem to be important for them.

As for creating values in society intellectual capital is as inevitable as money and physical capital. According to Edvinsson and Malone (1997), intellectual capital can be defined as intangible assets, which are not explicitly stated in the company´s balance but even though they have a positive effect on the company´s efficiency. The division of elements of the intellectual capital varies across different literature particularly regarding its titles. The same categories are called differently by Edvinsson and Malone (1997), by Petty, Cuganesan, Finch and Ford (2009), by Fragouli (2015) and by others like Ozkan, Cakan and Kayacan (2017). For our purposes, we will use the division that was also used by Ozkan, Cakan, and Kayacan (2017) and according to which intellectual capital consists of these three elements: structural, relational and human capital.

Health care economists estimate that 40-50% of annual cost increases can be traced to new technologies or the intensified use of old ones (Callahan, 2008). However, any limitation of their application is massively criticized as unethical. Patients (supported by journalists) believe that new expensive technology will speed-up their treatment and miraculously enhance their quality of life, while physicians are fascinated by fanciful possibilities of state-of-the-art devices. Nevertheless, due to limited resources of health care, each particular utilization of a medical device should be put to the test of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness (Markiewicz, van Til, & Ijzerman, 2014; Rosina et al., 2014). The typical approach used above all in drugs is to calculate cost-effectiveness when the technology is in routine use.

The statistical process control (SPC) is widely used in industry. Its aim is to achieve proces stability and improve capability through the reduction of variability and it is included for example in the Six Sigma or Lean Six Sigma methodologies. The control of attribute data represents a considerable part of it. Until recently, the same approach was used to monitor variables or attributes data. In this approach, subgroups of items are taken from a process and sample characteristics are plotted in a control chart to see whether their variation is only random or whether it is affected by an assignable cause. The presence of such cause is indicated by exceeding the control limits that are based on the sample characteristic distribution.

Knowledge is certainly one of the most important assets possessed both by individuals and by societies. In (substantial) part of the World, knowledge of individuals is obtained via a formal education in an educational system divided into subsequent several stages (usually pre-primary, primary, secondary, and tertiary education). Nowadays, populations’ costs of formal public education in the majority of countries constitute a significant portion of national wealth, often exceeding 5% of a gross domestic product. On average, World’s education costs reached 4.7% of the World’s GDP in 2013, according to the World Bank (2017). The costs of private education and especially the costs of tertiary education at the top universities in the USA, Canada, UK, or China are also considerably high.