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The contemporary business world is so highly globalized that it would be wrong to assume that an enterprise which wants to succeed in international competition, may exist and fully function without any international trade or relations. Intercultural competences of the employees are thus becoming increasingly important. One may think that when dealing with the enterprise’s stakeholders, professional knowledge and technical skills are sufficient in order to maintain the corporate processes running smoothly. However, considering the fact that for different reasons, e.g. work migration, or work exchanges, the working environment is growing to be highly diverse and intercultural, the importance of being interculturally competent is clearly relevant at all hierarchy levels, and in relation to both external and internal stakeholders.

The concept of space is frequently used as a sort of metaphor, with the aim of referring to a colloquial, intuitive interpretation of space as a kind of location, area, field or scene where events take place. Recognisable research problems stem from the conviction that there is a lack of complex conceptualisation of space as a subject in interdisciplinary perspectives for organisation and management sciences. At the same time, a greater interest in issues of space has arisen in recent years, which have been associated with the increasing importance of globalisation, the network economy, and knowledge in organisations (Taylor & Spicer, 2007). Thus, understanding complex interdisciplinary research in this area is the main motivation of this paper. On an epistemological level, the aim of the paper is to conceptualise space in its different dimensions in relation to the classical achievements of organisation and management sciences.

The relationship between a company and a supplier is a strategic resource for both parties. However, not every such relationship can be considered strategic. In order for a relationship to assume strategic importance, it must be special (or unique) in some terms and difficult to imitate. Otherwise, it will not contribute to making the company stand out against the competition. Such relationships may be formed in two areas. Firstly, they may be intended to increase the company’s access to financial resources; secondly, they facilitate investment (Tyszkiewicz, 2017b). It is noteworthy that partnership is based on such elements as trust and communication. These factors produce a continuous and deepening effect to ensure long-term results satisfactory for both parties involved. It is also significant to define the roles, tasks, and responsibilities of the suppliers and the clients, as well as to fairly share risks, costs, and profits arising from implementation of new initiatives (Christopher, 2000).

As the labor productivity increases, more and more people are spurring the need for leisure tourism. However, due to the limitations of time, budget and other factors, leisure tourism is becoming more and more localized in the region and increasingly fragmented in time. Transportation methods are increasingly inclined to travel by car. The so-called leisure tourism refers to the tourism that people rely on tourism resources, with tourism as the main purpose, with the conditions of tourism facilities, with specific cultural landscapes and service items as the content, leaving the settlements and staying in different places for a certain period of time, sightseeing, entertainment and sightseeing. Crouch (2000) described leisure tourism as that including encounters with place. Encounters with other people and material things, imagination and memory occur in places. The leisure experience brought by leisure tourism is not based on the novel pursuit of sightseeing, but also contributes to the physical restoration of tourists (Lehto, Kirillova, Li, & Wu, 2017).

In the context of imperfect markets, corporate liquidity represents an important asset to finance investments without raising costly external resources, which imply transaction and information costs. Moreover, the cash holdings offer a buffer against financial distress costs when the firm faces frictions in generating operating cash flows, both in volume and timely. On the other hand, the increase in cash holdings implies several costs: a liquidity premium, tax disadvantages, and agency costs for shareholders (Chang, Benson, & Faff, 2017). The trade-off theory streamlined in the literature governs the firms which need to balance costs and benefits of holding cash to determine the optimal level. While a lot of studies have been done in the direction of identifying the determinants of corporate cash holdings, going further, it is important to understand the relationship between non-earning assets (cash holdings) and firm value, in order to evaluate the corporate financial policies and to attain the right equilibrium between liquidity and profitability.