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In recent years we have been able to see the growing importance of knowledge in the context of the emerging knowledge-based global economy (Miotti & Sachwald, 2003; Carmeli, Gelbard, & Reiter-Palmon, 2013; Prokop & Stejskal, 2015). Tödtling and Trippl (2005) suggest that there is widespread agreement in academic literature that knowledge, learning, and innovation are key to economic development and the competitiveness of enterprises or regions (and nations).

The benefit of the practical implementation of the company social responsibility (hereinafter – CSR) is unquestionable when society’s expectations are considered; however, the boundary between this benefit and the costs of the organization to implement socially responsible behaviour is relatively hard to draw. Although the debate about CSR profitability often emphasized aspect of marketing according to Erhemjamts et al. (2013), controversial issues remain; nevertheless researches show that socially responsible activity is positively associated with investment and organizational strategies; also indirect CSR effect on the company activity results is highlighted – through the organization’s reputation and customer satisfaction (Galbreath & Shum, 2012).

In both classical economics (Adam Smith, David Ricardo) and neoclassical economics (e.g. John Hicks, Léon Walras, William Stanley Jevons, George Stigler, Carl Menger, John Bates Clark), there are three primary factors of production: land, labor, capital. Land means a resource creating an additional utility and is not only a natural resource to be found above or below the soil. There cannot be a disregard for the decision making process concerning location and investment. The problem is manifest not only in the individual solo investment but also in the portfolio dispersion of investment in an entire region.

The gravity model (or equation) of international trade is an economic analogy to Newton’s Law of gravity. The economic version of this law assumes that international bilateral trade is directly proportional to ‘sizes’ of trading economies, and indirectly proportional to their distance.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a serious disease and economic and social problems of present times. It is caused by the loss of dopamineproducing neurons and by the accumulation of a protein into Lewy bodies in neurons in the area of midbrain, in the so-called pars compacta substantia nigra. In fact, before this disease breaks out, there is a loss of 60-80% of dopaminergic neurons (Farlow et al., 2013). There is thus a relatively long period of time preceding the actual manifestation of motor symptoms at which point a substantial proportion of dopaminergic cells has been already lost with no movement-related issues being evident.