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In the current world, there is an informational imbalance in employer-employee relationships (Cabrelli, 2019). While employers usually enjoy higher levels of resources, expertise, and access to information about labour conditions, employees are disadvantaged than employers as they have to face multiple issues and barriers. Employees are in a difficult situation concerning contract negotiation and writing. Due to better resources, employers are in a better place regarding eliciting unilaterally favourable contractual terms. As employers have a form of monopoly, they tend to be involved in intimidating and unprincipled behaviours like treating employees inconsistently, which could be detrimental (Deakin, 2012). There is also a gap in the process of monitoring and enforcement of contractual obligations (Wachter, 2012). This situation tends to affect employees far more than an employer, e. g. any cost overrun for the employer is often passed down indirectly to employees in reduced compensation and deferred benefits.

Not everyone has enough skills and abilities to tackle complex financial markets and make prudent financial decisions in uncommon situations. People worldwide have been using paid and unpaid sources for advice from someone they trust to overcome them. Numerous studies have witnessed fruitful results from financial advisors in financial planning, such as retirement planning and wealth creation (Irving, 2012; Stolper & Walter, 2017). The current issues, such as complexities of the financial market and difficulties arising out of the economic crisis, are becoming worrisome (Crotty, 2009; Taylor, 2011; Xiao & O’Neill, 2016). The volatile economic environment and the problems of retirement financial security (Wang & Shi, 2014) add to its severity. The most important of all is to know how to make a prudent economic decision in financial aspects (Lusardi & Mitchell, 2014). The suffering resulting from the likelihood of losing money due to erroneous financial conclusions leads to financial anxiety (Cwynar et al., 2020).

This empirical study deals with the short-term prediction of stock prices on the Czech stock market. Stock movements have been of interest to traders for a long time. Using a wide range of analytical methods, it tries to satisfactorily clarify past and present changes in stock prices. Based on these findings, it attempts to predict the future development of stock prices. Early forecasting allows traders to make capital gains. It is necessary to mention that according to Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), stock prices are unpredictable and markets are efficient. This means that the market responds immediately to any new information. This information cannot be predicted, it is randomly sent to the market and therefore the change in the exchange rate is random and the exchange rates perform a so-called ʻrandom walk’. In efficient markets the above-average profits cannot be achieved and according to this theory, other approaches are dysfunctional.

The competitiveness of cities is most often associated with their economic performances, but there is a growing consensus that other factors must be observed as relevant (Huggins et al., 2014). The performance of modern cities, in addition to hard infrastructure, is increasingly influenced by the availability and quality of social infrastructure (Caragliu et al., 2011). The development potential and competitiveness of the city depend on the quality of social infrastructure, i.e., human and social capital. Human capital is emerging as a major driver of innovation and economic growth. Therefore, attracting highly skilled workers plays a fundamental role in the perspective of cities since the economic progress of cities depends on the knowledge of highly skilled workers (Buch et al., 2017). The impact of population growth on urban areas is multidimensional, in addition to the impact on infrastructure, economy and patterns of social interaction, population growth also affects the environment (Marshall, 2007).

There can be found many articles in which price discrimination was swiftly considered as a negative phenomenon, mainly behavioural economy studies. Such studies described it as pricing leading to consumer-detrimental effects and increasing companies’ profits. However, this rule is not as universal as it may seem. The case is more complicated because exceptions do exist, and they are far from rare – software, cell carrier services, real-time stock quotes, electronic newspapers subscription, electric energy supply, payment accounts, books, copyrighted content streaming, file storage, and more. These information and network goods were often treated as any mass-produced physical goods, which is not an adequate approach. The article’s ambition is to contribute to a change. I hope that after reading the article, you would agree that price discrimination in the case of information and network goods should be viewed by different optics.