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JEL clasification
A00 - General Economics and Teaching
A10 - General Economics: General
A11 - Role of Economics - Role of Economists
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
A14 - Sociology of Economics
A19 - General Economics: Other
A20 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General
A21 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college
A22 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate
A23 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate
A29 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Other
A30 - Collective Works: General
A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
A32 - Volumes
A33 - Handbooks
A39 - Collective Works: Other
B00 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
B10 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: General
B11 - History of Economic Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
B12 - History of Economic Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13 - History of Economic Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B14 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Socialist - Marxist
B15 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical - Institutional - Evolutionary
B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
B19 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other
B20 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: General
B21 - History of Economic Thought: Microeconomics
B22 - History of Economic Thought: Macroeconomics
B23 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
B24 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Socialist - Marxist - Sraffian
B25 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical - Institutional - Evolutionary - Austrian
B26 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Financial Economics
B29 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other
B30 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals: General
B31 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B32 - Obituaries
B40 - Economic Methodology: General
B41 - Economic Methodology
B49 - Economic Methodology: Other
B50 - Current Heterodox Approaches: General
B51 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist - Marxian - Sraffian
B52 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Institutional - Evolutionary
B53 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian
B54 - Feminist Economics
B59 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Other
C00 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General
C01 - Econometrics
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C10 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
C13 - Estimation: General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
C18 - Methodological Issues: General
C19 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other
C20 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: General
C21 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models - Spatial Models - Treatment Effect Models - Quantile Regressions
C22 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Time-Series Models - Dynamic Quantile Regressions - Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
C23 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Models with Panel Data - Longitudinal Data - Spatial Time Series
C24 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models - Switching Regression Models
C25 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models - Discrete Regressors - Proportions
C26 - Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
C29 - Single Equation Models - Single Variables: Other
C30 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models - Multiple Variables: General
C31 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models - Spatial Models - Treatment Effect Models - Quantile Regressions - Social Interaction Models
C32 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models - Dynamic Quantile Regressions - Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
C33 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data - Longitudinal Data - Spatial Time Series
C34 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models - Switching Regression Models
C35 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models - Discrete Regressors - Proportions
C36 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
C38 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Classification Methods - Cluster Analysis - Factor Models
C39 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models - Multiple Variables: Other
C40 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General
C41 - Duration Analysis - Optimal Timing Strategies
C42 - Classification Discontinued 2008. See C83.
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation - Leading indicators
C44 - Statistical Decision Theory - Operations Research
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C46 - Specific Distributions - Specific Statistics
C49 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other
C50 - Econometric Modeling: General
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
C53 - Forecasting Methods - Simulation Methods
C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
C55 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
C58 - Financial Econometrics
C59 - Econometric Modeling: Other
C60 - Mathematical Methods - Programming Models - Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: General
C61 - Optimization Techniques - Programming Models - Dynamic Analysis
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
C63 - Computational Techniques - Simulation Modeling
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
C67 - Input-Output Models
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C69 - Mathematical Methods - Programming Models - Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: Other
C70 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General
C71 - Cooperative Games
C72 - Noncooperative Games
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games - Evolutionary Games - Repeated Games
C78 - Bargaining Theory - Matching Theory
C79 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other
C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
C80 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology - Computer Programs: General
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data - Data Access
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data - Data Access
C83 - Survey Methods - Sampling Methods
C87 - Econometric Software
C88 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology - Computer Programs: Other Computer Software
C89 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology - Computer Programs: Other
C90 - Design of Experiments: General
C91 - Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual
C92 - Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior
C93 - Field Experiments
C99 - Design of Experiments: Other
D00 - Microeconomics: General
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
D03 - Behavioral Economics: Underlying Principles
D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation - Implementation - Evaluation
D10 - Household Behavior: General
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D14 - Personal Finance
D15 - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D18 - Consumer Protection
D19 - Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other
D20 - Production and Organizations: General
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
D23 - Organizational Behavior - Transaction Costs - Property Rights
D24 - Production - Cost - Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity - Capacity
D25 - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
D29 - Production and Organizations: Other
D30 - Distribution: General
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
D39 - Distribution: Other
D40 - Market Structure and Pricing: General
D41 - Market Structure and Pricing: Perfect Competition
D42 - Market Structure and Pricing: Monopoly
D43 - Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D44 - Auctions
D45 - Rationing - Licensing
D46 - Value Theory
D49 - Market Structure and Pricing: Other
D50 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General
D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
D52 - Incomplete Markets
D53 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets
D57 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
D59 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other
D60 - Welfare Economics: General
D61 - Allocative Efficiency - Cost-Benefit Analysis
D62 - Externalities
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D64 - Altruism
D69 - Welfare Economics: Other
D70 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General
D71 - Social Choice - Clubs - Committees - Associations
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D73 - Bureaucracy - Administrative Processes in Public Organizations - Corruption
D74 - Conflict - Conflict Resolution - Alliances
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
D79 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other
D80 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
D83 - Search - Learning - Information and Knowledge - Communication - Belief
D84 - Expectations - Speculations
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
D87 - Neuroeconomics
D89 - Information and Uncertainty: Other
D90 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth: General
D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice - Life Cycle Models and Saving
D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Financing, Investment, and Capacity
D99 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth: Other
E00 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth - Environmental Accounts
E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E10 - General Aggregative Models: General
E11 - General Aggregative Models: Marxian - Sraffian - Institutional - Evolutionary
E12 - General Aggregative Models: Keynes - Keynesian - Post-Keynesian
E13 - General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical
E14 - Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional
E17 - General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E19 - General Aggregative Models: Other
E20 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E21 - Macroeconomics: Consumption - Saving - Wealth
E22 - Capital - Investment - Capacity
E23 - Macroeconomics: Production
E24 - Employment - Unemployment - Wages - Intergenerational Income Distribution - Aggregate Human Capital
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
E26 - Informal Economy - Underground Economy
E27 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E29 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other
E30 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data)
E31 - Price Level - Inflation - Deflation
E32 - Business Fluctuations - Cycles
E37 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E39 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other
E4 - Money and Interest Rates
E40 - Money and Interest Rates: General
E41 - Demand for Money
E42 - Monetary Systems - Standards - Regimes - Government and the Monetary System - Payment Systems
E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E47 - Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E49 - Money and Interest Rates: Other
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
E50 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General
E51 - Money Supply - Credit - Money Multipliers
E52 - Monetary Policy
E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
E59 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
E60 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General
E61 - Policy Objectives - Policy Designs and Consistency - Policy Coordination
E62 - Fiscal Policy
E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy - Stabilization - Treasury Policy
E64 - Incomes Policy - Price Policy
E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
E69 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other
E71 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy
F00 - International Economics: General
F01 - Global Outlook
F02 - International Economic Order
F10 - Trade: General
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F13 - Trade Policy - International Trade Organizations
F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
F15 - Economic Integration
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F17 - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation
F18 - Trade and Environment
F19 - Trade: Other
F20 - International Factor Movements and International Business: General
F21 - International Investment - Long-term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
F23 - Multinational Firms - International Business
F24 - Remittances
F29 - International Factor Movements: Other
F30 - International Finance: General
F31 - Foreign Exchange
F32 - Current Account Adjustment - Short-term Capital Movements
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
F35 - Foreign Aid
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F39 - International Finance: Other
F40 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F44 - International Business Cycles
F47 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F49 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other
F50 - International Relations and International Political Economy: General
F51 - International Conflicts - Negotiations - Sanctions
F52 - National Security - Economic Nationalism
F53 - International Agreements and Observance - International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism - Imperialism - Postcolonialism
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
F63 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Economic Development
F64 - Environment
F65 - Finance
G00 - Financial Economics: General
G01 - Financial Crises
G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
G10 - General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)
G11 - Portfolio Choice - Investment Decisions
G12 - Asset Pricing - Trading volume - Bond Interest Rates
G13 - Contingent Pricing - Futures Pricing - option pricing
G14 - Information and Market Efficiency - Event Studies
G15 - International Financial Markets
G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
G18 - General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation
G19 - General Financial Markets: Other
G20 - Financial Institutions and Services: General
G21 - Banks - Other Depository Institutions - Micro Finance Institutions - Mortgages
G22 - Insurance - Insurance Companies
G23 - Pension Funds - Other Private Financial Institutions - Institutional Investors
G24 - Investment Banking - Venture Capital - Brokerage - Ratings and Ratings Agencies
G28 - Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation
G29 - Financial Institutions and Services: Other
G30 - Corporate Finance and Governance: General
G31 - Capital Budgeting - Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies - Capacity
G32 - Financing Policy - Financial Risk and Risk Management - Capital and Ownership Structure - Value of Firms
G33 - Bankruptcy - Liquidation
G34 - Mergers - Acquisitions - Restructuring - Voting - Proxy Contests - Corporate Governance
G35 - Payout Policy
G38 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation
G39 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Other
G40 - Behavioral Finance: General
G41 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets [Neurofinance]
G51 - Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
G53 - Financial Literacy
H00 - Public Economics: General
H10 - Structure and Scope of Government: General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H12 - Crisis Management
H19 - Structure and Scope of Government: Other
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H20 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
H21 - Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency - Optimal Taxation
H22 - Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence
H23 - Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities - Redistributive Effects - Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies - includes inheritance and gift taxes
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT)
H26 - Tax Evasion
H27 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue
H29 - Taxation and Subsidies: Other
H30 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General
H31 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household
H32 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm
H39 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other
H40 - Publicly Provided Goods: General
H41 - Public Goods
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation - Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H49 - Publicly Provided Goods: Other
H50 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
H51 - National Government Expenditures and Health
H52 - National Government Expenditures and Education
H53 - National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H54 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures - Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H56 - National Security and War
H57 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement
H59 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other
H60 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General
H61 - National Budget - Budget Systems
H62 - National Deficit - Surplus
H63 - National Debt - Debt Management - Sovereign Debt
H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
H69 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other
H70 - State and Local Government - Intergovernmental Relations: General
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H73 - State and Local Government - Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
H74 - State and Local Borrowing
H75 - State and Local Government: Health - Education - Welfare - Public Pensions
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations - Federalism - Secession
H79 - State and Local Government - Intergovernmental Relations: Other
H80 - Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General
H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants
H82 - Governmental Property
H83 - Public Administration - Public Sector Accounting and Audits
H84 - Disaster Aid
H87 - International Fiscal Issues - International Public Goods
H89 - Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other
I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare: General
I10 - Health: General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12 - Health Production
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I14 - Health and Inequality
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I18 - Health: Government Policy - Regulation - Public Health
I19 - Health: Other
I20 - Education and Research Institutions: General
I21 - Analysis of Education
I22 - Educational Finance
I23 - Higher Education and Research Institutions
I24 - Education and Inequality
I25 - Education and Economic Development
I28 - Education: Government Policy
I29 - Education: Other
I30 - Welfare and Poverty: General
I31 - General Welfare
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
I38 - Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs - Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
I39 - Welfare and Poverty: Other
J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics: General
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J10 - Demographic Economics: General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J12 - Marriage - Marital Dissolution - Family Structure - Domestic Abuse
J13 - Fertility - Family Planning - Child Care - Children - Youth
J14 - Economics of the Elderly - Economics of the Handicapped - Non-labor Market Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants - Non-labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender - Non-labor Discrimination
J17 - Value of Life - Forgone Income
J18 - Demographic Economics: Public Policy
J19 - Demographic Economics: Other
J20 - Demand and Supply of Labor: General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J23 - Labor Demand
J24 - Human Capital - Skills - Occupational Choice - Labor Productivity
J26 - Retirement - Retirement Policies
J28 - Safety - Job Satisfaction - Related Public Policy
J29 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other
J30 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure - Wage Differentials
J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits - Private Pensions
J33 - Compensation Packages - Payment Methods
J38 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
J39 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other
J40 - Particular Labor Markets: General
J41 - Labor Contracts
J42 - Monopsony - Segmented Labor Markets
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
J44 - Professional Labor Markets - Occupational Licensing
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
J48 - Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy
J49 - Particular Labor Markets: Other
J50 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation - Collective Bargaining
J53 - Labor-Management Relations - Industrial Jurisprudence
J54 - Producer Cooperatives - Labor Managed Firms - Employee Ownership
J58 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy
J59 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
J60 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility - Immigrant Workers
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility - Promotion
J63 - Labor Turnover - Vacancies - Layoffs
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J65 - Unemployment Insurance - Severance Pay - Plant Closings
J68 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy
J69 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other
J70 - Labor Discrimination: General
J71 - Labor Discrimination
J78 - Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
J79 - Labor Discrimination: Other
J80 - Labor Standards: General
J81 - Labor Standards: Working Conditions
J82 - Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition
J83 - Labor Standards: Workers' Rights
J88 - Labor Standards: Public Policy
J89 - Labor Standards: Other
K00 - Law and Economics: General
K10 - Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law)
K11 - Property Law
K12 - Contract Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
K14 - Criminal Law
K19 - Basic Areas of Law: Other
K20 - Regulation and Business Law: General
K21 - Antitrust Law
K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K24 - Cyber Law
K29 - Regulation and Business Law: Other
K30 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: General
K31 - Labor Law
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K33 - International Law
K34 - Tax Law
K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
K36 - Family and Personal Law
K39 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other
K40 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General
K41 - Litigation Process
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K49 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other
L00 - Industrial Organization: General
L10 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure - Size Distribution of Firms
L12 - Monopoly - Monopolization Strategies
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L14 - Transactional Relationships - Contracts and Reputation - Networks
L15 - Information and Product Quality - Standardization and Compatibility
L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change - Industrial Price Indices
L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
L19 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other
L20 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L23 - Organization of Production
L24 - Contracting Out - Joint Ventures - Technology Licensing
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
L26 - Entrepreneurship
L29 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other
L30 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions - NGOs
L32 - Public Enterprises - Public-Private Enterprises
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions - Privatization - Contracting Out
L38 - Public Policy
L39 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other
L40 - Antitrust Issues and Policies: General
L41 - Monopolization - Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
L42 - Vertical Restraints - Resale Price Maintenance - Quantity Discounts
L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
L49 - Antitrust Policy: Other
L50 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: General
L51 - Economics of Regulation
L52 - Industrial Policy - Sectoral Planning Methods
L53 - Enterprise Policy
L59 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other
L60 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
L61 - Metals and Metal Products - Cement - Glass - Ceramics
L62 - Automobiles - Other Transportation Equipment
L63 - Microelectronics - Computers - Communications Equipment
L64 - Other Machinery - Business Equipment - Armaments
L65 - Chemicals - Rubber - Drugs - Biotechnology
L66 - Food - Beverages - Cosmetics - Tobacco - Wine and Spirits
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables
L68 - Appliances - Other Consumer Durables
L69 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other
L70 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
L73 - Forest Products
L74 - Construction
L78 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy
L79 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other
L80 - Industry Studies: Services: General
L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade - e-Commerce
L82 - Entertainment - Media
L83 - Sports - Gambling - Recreation - Tourism
L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
L85 - Real Estate Services
L86 - Information and Internet Services - Computer Software
L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
L88 - Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy
L89 - Industry Studies: Services: Other
L90 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General
L91 - Transportation: General
L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
L93 - Air Transportation
L94 - Electric Utilities
L95 - Gas Utilities - Pipelines - Water Utilities
L96 - Telecommunications
L97 - Utilities: General
L98 - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy
L99 - Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other
M00 - Business Administration and Business Economics - Marketing - Accounting: General
M1 - Business Administration
M1 - Business Administration
M10 - Business Administration: General
M11 - Production Management
M12 - Personnel Management - Executive Compensation
M13 - New Firms - Startups
M14 - Corporate Culture - Social Responsibility
M15 - IT Management
M16 - International Business Administration
M19 - Business Administration: Other
M2 - Business Economics
M20 - Business Economics: General
M21 - Business Economics
M29 - Business Economics: Other
M30 - Marketing and Advertising: General
M31 - Marketing
M37 - Advertising
M38 - Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation
M39 - Marketing and Advertising: Other
M4 - Accounting and Auditing
M40 - Accounting and Auditing: General
M41 - Accounting
M42 - Auditing
M48 - Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation
M49 - Accounting: Other
M50 - Personnel Economics: General
M51 - Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions - Promotions
M52 - Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
M53 - Personnel Economics: Training
M54 - Personnel Economics: Labor Management
M55 - Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices
M59 - Personnel Economics: Other
N00 - Economic History: General
N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical - Sources and Methods
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations
N10 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative
N11 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N12 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N13 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913
N14 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: 1913-
N15 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East
N16 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: Latin America - Caribbean
N17 - Economic History: Macroeconomics - Growth and Fluctuations: Africa - Oceania
N20 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative
N21 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N22 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N23 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913
N24 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913-
N25 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East
N26 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America - Caribbean
N27 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa - Oceania
N30 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative
N31 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N32 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N33 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913
N34 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913-
N35 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East
N36 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Latin America - Caribbean
N37 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Africa - Oceania
N40 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative
N41 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N42 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N43 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913
N44 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913-
N45 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East
N46 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Latin America - Caribbean
N47 - Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Africa - Oceania
N50 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative
N51 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N52 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N53 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913
N54 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913-
N55 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East
N56 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America - Caribbean
N57 - Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa - Oceania
N60 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative
N61 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N62 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N63 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913
N64 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913-
N65 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East
N66 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America - Caribbean
N67 - Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa - Oceania
N70 - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative
N71 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N72 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N73 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913
N74 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913-
N75 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East
N76 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America - Caribbean
N77 - Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa - Oceania
N80 - Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative
N81 - Micro-Business History: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N82 - Micro-Business History: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N83 - Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913
N84 - Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913-
N85 - Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East
N86 - Micro-Business History: Latin America - Caribbean
N87 - Micro-Business History: Africa - Oceania
N90 - Regional and Urban History: General
N91 - Regional and Urban History: U.S. - Canada: Pre-1913
N92 - Regional and Urban History: U.S. - Canada: 1913-
N93 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913
N94 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913-
N95 - Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East
N96 - Regional and Urban History: Latin America - Caribbean
N97 - Regional and Urban History: Africa - Oceania
O00 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
O1 - Economic Development
O10 - Economic Development: General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O13 - Economic Development: Agriculture - Natural Resources - Energy - Environment - Other Primary Products
O14 - Industrialization - Manufacturing and Service Industries - Choice of Technology
O15 - Economic Development: Human Resources - Human Development - Income Distribution - Migration
O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets - Saving and Capital Investment - Corporate Finance and Governance
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors - Shadow Economy - Institutional Arrangements
O18 - Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis - Housing - Infrastructure
O19 - International Linkages to Development - Role of International Organizations
O20 - Development Planning and Policy: General
O21 - Planning Models - Planning Policy
O22 - Project Analysis
O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
O24 - Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy - Factor Movement - Foreign Exchange Policy
O25 - Industrial Policy
O29 - Development Planning and Policy: Other
O30 - Technological Change - Research and Development - Intellectual Property Rights: General
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences - Diffusion Processes
O34 - Intellectual Property Rights
O35 - Social Innovation
O38 - Technological Change: Government Policy
O39 - Technological Change: Other
O40 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O42 - Monetary Growth Models
O43 - Institutions and Growth
O44 - Environment and Growth
O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth - Aggregate Productivity - Cross-Country Output Convergence
O49 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other
O50 - Economywide Country Studies: General
O51 - Economywide Country Studies: U.S. - Canada
O52 - Economywide Country Studies: Europe
O53 - Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East
O54 - Economywide Country Studies: Latin America - Caribbean
O55 - Economywide Country Studies: Africa
O56 - Economywide Country Studies: Oceania
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
P00 - Economic Systems: General
P10 - Capitalist Systems: General
P11 - Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
P14 - Capitalist Systems: Property Rights
P16 - Capitalist Systems: Political Economy
P17 - Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects
P19 - Capitalist Systems: Other
P20 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General
P21 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P22 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices
P23 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets - Industry Studies - Population
P24 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure - Money - Inflation
P25 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
P26 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy - Property Rights
P27 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects
P28 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources - Energy - Environment
P29 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other
P30 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General
P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
P32 - Collectives - Communes - Agriculture
P33 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
P34 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics
P35 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics
P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics - Health - Education and Training: Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
P37 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions - Illegal Behavior
P39 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other
P40 - Other Economic Systems: General
P41 - Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P42 - Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises - Factor and Product Markets - Prices - Population
P43 - Other Economic Systems: Public Economics - Financial Economics
P44 - Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure - Money - Inflation
P45 - Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid
P46 - Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics - Health - Education and Training - Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
P47 - Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects
P48 - Other Economic Systems: Political Economy - Legal Institutions - Property Rights - Natural Resources - Energy - Environment - Regional Studies
P49 - Other Economic Systems: Other
P50 - Comparative Economic Systems: General
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
P59 - Comparative Economic Systems: Other
Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics - Environmental and Ecological Economics: General
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q02 - Global Commodity Crises
Q10 - Agriculture: General
Q11 - Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis - Prices
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing - Cooperatives - Agribusiness
Q14 - Agricultural Finance
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure - Land Reform - Land Use - Irrigation - Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - Agricultural R&D - Agricultural Technology - Biofuels - Agricultural Extension Services
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q18 - Agricultural Policy - Food Policy
Q19 - Agriculture: Other
Q20 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q21 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply (the Commons)
Q22 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery - Aquaculture
Q23 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry
Q24 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land
Q25 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
Q28 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q29 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q30 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
Q31 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q33 - Resource Booms
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Q37 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
Q38 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
Q39 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other
Q40 - Energy: General
Q41 - Energy: Demand and Supply
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
Q48 - Energy: Government Policy
Q49 - Energy: Other
Q50 - Environmental Economics: General
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs - Distributional Effects - Employment Effects
Q53 - Air Pollution - Water Pollution - Noise - Hazardous Waste - Solid Waste - Recycling
Q54 - Climate - Natural Disasters - Global Warming
Q55 - Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation
Q56 - Environment and Development - Environment and Trade - Sustainability - Environmental Accounts and Accounting - Environmental Equity - Population Growth
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services - Biodiversity Conservation - Industrial Ecology
Q58 - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
Q59 - Environmental Economics: Other
R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: General
R10 - General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data)
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
R14 - Land Use Patterns
R15 - General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models - Other Models
R19 - General Regional Economics: Other
R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: General
R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand
R22 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Other Demand
R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration - Regional Labor Markets - Population - Neighborhood Characteristics
R28 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Government Policy
R29 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: Other
R30 - Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General
R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
R34 - Production Analysis and Firm Location: Input Demand Analysis
R38 - Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy - Regulatory Policies
R39 - Housing Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location: Other
R40 - Transportation Systems: General
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion - Safety and Accidents - Transportation Noise
R42 - Transportation Systems: Government and Private Investment Analysis - Road Maintenance, Transportation Planning
R48 - Transportation Systems: Government Pricing and Policy
R49 - Transportation Systems: Other
R50 - Regional Government Analysis: General
R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
R52 - Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations
R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis - Public Investment and Capital Stock
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
R59 - Regional Government Analysis: Other
Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
Y20 - Introductory Material
Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
Y60 - Excerpt
Y70 - No Author General Discussions
Y80 - Related Disciplines
Y90 - Miscellaneous Categories: Other
Y91 - Pictures and Maps
Z00 - Other Special Topics: General
Z10 - Cultural Economics - Economic Sociology - Economic Anthropology: General
Z11 - Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature
Z12 - Cultural Economics: Religion
Z13 - Economic Sociology - Economic Anthropology - Social and Economic Stratification
Z18 - Cultural Economics: Public Policy
Z19 - Cultural Economics: Other
Z30 - Tourism Economics: General
Z31 - Industry Studies
Z32 - Tourism and Development
Z33 - Marketing and Finance
Z39 - Tourism: Other
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