Impact of renewable energy sources on greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Germany, Sweden and Poland

Transitioning to renewable energy sources is highly important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we look at Germany, Sweden and Poland. These three countries have different energy policies and commitments. While there has been significant progress in adopting renewable energy across Europe, the effectiveness of these policies and their impact on reducing emissions is very different. Therefore, this research aims to assess how renewable energy affects GHG emissions in these countries and to provide insights into what strategies work best. Using a compiled dataset from 2003 to 2023, the study employs correlation, regression and time-series analysis. It is done to understand the relationship between renewable energy use and GHG emissions. In Germany and Sweden, there are strong negative correlations (−0.92 and −0.90), which indicate that increased renewable energy use significantly reduces emissions. However, in Poland, the correlation was much weaker (−0.23) and it suggested that the impact of renewables has been less effective. Digging deeper, our regression analysis highlighted that wind energy is particularly effective in reducing emissions, especially in Sweden. In Poland, while other renewable sources show promise, their impact is not yet statistically significant. Time-series forecasts suggested that Germany and Sweden will continue to see reductions in emissions, Poland will make gradual progress. These results show the need for continued policy support and best practice innovations in renewable energy.